Klatt Voice

The source-filter VOICE — turn a bare oscillator into a talking/singing voice. Where the Formant Filter shapes a carrier into a VOWEL (the vocal-tract FILTER), this adds the excitation SOURCE the vowel filter can't make on its own: a VOICE amount (the glottal carrier), a BREATH amount (aspiration noise through the tract — /h/, breathiness), and a FRICATION amount (turbulent hiss added after the tract — /s/, /ʃ/, /f/), so the voice can make CONSONANTS, not just vowels. The reunification of the source-filter model: wire a saw oscillator (its pitch from a Keyboard or the Pitch node) into the input for f0, drive the vowel from a Formants node's output (formants_in), and drive the source mix from a Manner node (source_in) — sing into a mic and a synthetic voice reconstructs what you say, consonants and all. Or play it directly: dial Voice/Breath/Frication + F1/F2/F3 by hand. Built on the same parallel-bandpass formant bank as the Formant Filter; aspiration is noise shaped by the vowel tract, and frication is a PARALLEL 5-band noise-formant bank driven by the Manner node's measured frication fingerprint, so /s/ (high) vs /ʃ/ (mid) vs /f/ (diffuse) render as DISTINCT consonants rather than one generic hiss. A separate BURST branch (place-steerable bandpass'd noise, a fast-envelope gain) fires a crisp plosive transient — /p t k b d g/ — the continuous drive can't make. For VOICED fricatives (/z v ʒ/) the frication noise is amplitude-MODULATED by the glottal flow (the voiced source, rectified, drives the noise gain) so buzz + turbulence pulse together at f0 as one coherent sound — and the voicing amount auto-gates it, so a voiceless /s/ stays steady. The DSP shape is kernel-declared (a web_audio graph); audio.js realises it.

Port	Signal
audio_in	audio
Vowel	audio · formant
Manner	audio · source

Port	Signal
audio_out	audio

Parameter	Range	Default
Voice	0 – 1.5	1.0
Breath	0 – 1.0	0
Frication	0 – 1.5	0
F1	200 – 1200 Hz	730
F2	600 – 3000 Hz	1090
F3	1500 – 4000 Hz	2440
Tilt	800 – 6000 Hz	3500

Inputs

Outputs

Parameters

Used in these rigs

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